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¡¶²þâ±ÊµÑé - ¶¶Òô¡·ÊÓÆµËµÃ÷£ºÄã×÷¶ñ¶à¶ËÖÕÓÚ¶àÐв»Ò屨×Ô±ÐÂÙÂäµ½ÏÖÔÚÕâÑùµÄϳ¡ÕæÊÇÇàÌìÓÐÑÛ°¡ÒÔÊǾ͵¼ÖÂÁ˾ÉЬ5²»ÈÓÈÓÁ˼ÒÄÑ˳Õâ¾ä»°µÄ½µÉúÖлªºÀÃÅ¡ªÖйú¹ÅÐÞ½¨µÄľ½á¹¹ÀàÐÍÔ´´2023-01-18 13:57¡¤ÖлªºÀÃÅ¿ªºè˳±¾ÆÚ±à¼/¿ªºè˳KaiHongShun Studio¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÖйú¾³ÄÚ²î±ðÇøÓòľ¹¹ÐÞ½¨µÄÆø¸Å²î±ðÆÄ´óµ«´Ó½á¹¹½Ç¶È¿´Ôò½ÏΪͳһ¸ÅÂÔ¿É·ÖΪ̧ÁºÊ½¡¢´©¶·Ê½¡¢¾®¸ÉʽÈýÖÖÊÖÒÕϵͳThe style of wooden buildings in different regions in China is quite different, but from the structural point of view, they are relatively unified, and can be divided into three technical systems, namely, lifting beam type, penetrating bucket type and well dry type.̧ÁºÊ½½á¹¹Í¨¹ýʹÓôó¿ç¶ÈÁ»èÊ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ½Ï¿ª³¨µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼äÔÚ´óÐÍÐÞ½¨ÉÏ»ñµÃÆÕ±éʹÓöø´©¶·Ê½Óë¾®¸ÉʽÔò¶àÓÃÓÚСÐÍÐÞ½¨Í¬Ê±Óëľ½á¹¹²¢ÐÐשʯ½á¹¹ÔÚ¸÷ʱÆÚÒ²»ñµÃÁ˲î±ðˮƽµÄÉú³¤ÔçÆÚÒÔÆöÖþ̨»ù¡¢Ä¹ÊÒ¡¢Ð¡ÐÍÐÞ½¨×îΪ³£¼ûÖÁÔªÃ÷ʱÆÚÔò·ºÆðÁ˽ϴóÐ͵Äש¹°È¯ÐÞ½¨¶àÒÔ·ÂľÐÞ½¨ÐÎÏó·ºÆðË׳ÆÎÞÁºµîThrough the use of large-span beam braces, the beam lifting structure can obtain a relatively open indoor space, which is widely used in large buildings, while the bucket type and well dry type are mostly used in small buildings. At the same time, in parallel with the wooden structure, the masonry structure has also been developed to different degrees in different periods.ÓëǰÊöÊÖÒÕÏàÅäÌ׺»ÍÁÊÖÒÕ×ÔÔʼʱÆÚ×îÏȾÍÔÚÐÞ½¨»ù´¡ÓëǽÌåÖÆ×÷ÉÏ»ñµÃÁËÆÕ±éʹÓÃÖÁÍí½üʱÆÚÖØÉú³¤³öÁËÒÔÍÁ¥Ϊ´ú±íµÄÜöÝÍʽ´óÐÍסլϵͳIn combination with the above technologies, ramming technology has been widely used in building foundation and wall construction since the original period. In the recent period, a large residential system with Tulou as its representative has been developed.̧ÁºÊ½Ä¾½á¹¹Ì§ÁºÊ½½á¹¹ÊÇÖйú¹Å°åľ¹¹×îÖ÷Á÷µÄÊÖÒÕÀàÐÍ»ù±¾ÌصãΪÖù¶¥ÖÃÁºÁºµÄ¶Ë²¿°²¶ÙéÝÌõÁºÖв¿Í¨¹ý¶ÌÖùÖ§µþ¶ÌÁº²ã²ã¶øÉÏ¿ÉÖÁÈýµ½Îå²ãÈçÖù¶¥Ê¹Óö·¹°ÔòÁºÍ·°²¶ÙÓÚ¶·¹°Ö®ÉϽèÖú´ó¿ç¶ÈµÄÁºèÊÕâÖֽṹ¿ÉÒÔÌṩ¿ª³¨µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼ä¹Ê¶øÎªÖÖÖ֏߯·¼¶ÐÞ½¨ÆÕ±é½ÓÄÉThe lifting beam structure is the most mainstream technology type of Chinese traditional wooden structure. The basic feature is that the beam is placed on the top of the column, the purlin is placed at the end of the beam, and the short beam is supported by the short column in the middle of the beam, which can reach three to five floors.´©¶·Ê½Ä¾½á¹¹´©¶·Òà³Æ´®¶º³£¼ûÓÚÄÏ·½µØÇø»ù±¾ÌØÕ÷ΪéÝÌõÖ±½ÓÖÃÓÚÖùÍ·Ö®ÉÏÑØ½øÉîÆ«ÏòÓô©èʽ«Öù×Ó´®ÁªÆðÀ´ÐγÉÒ»é¯é¯µÄÎݼÜÑØÃæÀ«Æ«ÏòÔÙÓô©èʽ«¸÷é¯Áº¼Ü´®ÁªÆðÀ´ÓÉ´ËÐγÉÕûÌå¿ò¼ÜÕâÖÖ×ö·¨µÄÓŵãÊÇÓòĽÚԼȡ²Ä±ãµ±¿ÉÒÔÓÃϸСľÁÏ×éºÏΪÎݼܵ«ÓÉÓÚÖùÁÐ÷缯ÎÞ·¨Ìṩ̹µ´µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼äÒ»Ñùƽ³£Ö»ÓÃÓÚСÐÍÃñ¾ÓÖ®ÉÏWearing Dou, also known as "string tease", is common in southern China. The basic feature is that the purlin is directly placed on the column head, and the columns are connected in series with braces along the depth direction to form a roof truss. Along the direction of the width of the face, the beams are connected in series with braces to form the overall frame.»ìÏýʽľ½á¹¹´©¶·Ê½½á¹¹Îª½µµÍ¹ýÃÜÖùÁеÄÓ°Ï첿·ÖÎüÁÏÀíÁºÊ½µÄ×ö·¨Éú³¤³öÁË»ìÏýʽ×ö·¨´ËÖÖ×ö·¨ÈÔΪÖùÍ·³ÐéÝÒÔ´©èÊÅþÁ¬ÖùÁе«Í¨¹ý¾Ö²¿Ê¹ÓôóÐÍ´©èÊÐγÉÁËÀàËÆÊ°ÁºÊ½µÄÃûÌÃÓÐÓÃïÔÌÁËÊÒÄÚÁ¢ÖùÊýÄ¿ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½ÏΪºÏÀíµÄ×ö·¨¹Ê¶øÏÖ´æ´©¶·Ê½½á¹¹ÆÕ±é¾ßÓлìÏýʽµÄÌØÕ÷In order to reduce the impact of over-dense columns, the bucket structure partially absorbs the method of picking up beams and develops a mixed method. This method is still to support purlins at the column head and connect the columns with braces... Therefore, the existing bucket type structure generally has the characteristics of mixed type.¾®¸Éʽľ½á¹¹ÒòÆä×´Èç¹Å´úË®²¢µÄΧÀ¸¹ÊÃû²¢¸É²¢¸Éʽ½á¹¹Ê×ÏȽ«Ä¾ÁÏÆ½ÐÐÏòÉϲã²ãµþÖÃÔÚת½Ç´¦Ê¹ÓÃé¾Ã®Ò§ºÏÐγɺâÓîËıÚÈ»ºóÔÚ²à±ÚÉϳÐéÝ×é³É·¿¶¥µ«´ËÖÖ×ö·¨Ä¾ÁÏÏûºÄÖØ´ó¹Ê¶ø¶à¼ûÓÚÁÖÇøÖйúÖ»ÔÚ¶«±±¡¢Î÷ÄÏÉ½ÇøÉÙÁ¿·ºÆðIt is named Binggan because it looks like a fence in ancient times. In the dry-type structure, the wood is first stacked in parallel and upward layers, and the mortise and tenon are used at the corners to form the four walls of the house, and then the purlins on the side walls form the roof.ʯÆö½á¹¹ÔÚÖйúÎ÷ÄÏÉ½ÇøÈçǼ×å¼°¼ÎÈÞ²Ø×å¾Û¾ÓÇøÉ½Ìå¶àΪ°åÑÒ»òƬÂéÑÒÒ×ÓÚ¿ª²É¼Ó¹¤ÇÒ¾ÈËÄÍÓùʶøÖð²½ÐγÉÁËÒÔʯ²ÄÆöÖþǽÌåµÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ´ËÀàÐÞ½¨Ç½ÌåΪʯÆöÎݶ¥ÎªÄ¾½á¹¹Éϸ²Ê¿²ãºÜÊʺÏÍâµØ¸ÉÔïÉÙÓêµÄÌìÆøÌØÕ÷In the mountainous areas of southwest China, such as the inhabited areas of Qiang and Jiarong Tibetans, the mountains are mostly slate or gneiss, which are easy to be mined and processed, and are durable. Therefore, the structural form of stone masonry walls has gradually formed.º»ÍÁ½á¹¹º»ÍÁÊÖÒÕÔçÔÚÔʼʱÆÚ¼´ÒÑ·ºÆðͨ¹ýÈ˹¤º»Öþ¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÔöÌíº»ÍÁÌåµÄÇ¿¶ÈºÍÄ;ÃÐÔÊǹŴúǽÌ塢̨»ù³£ÓõĽṹҪÁìÓÉÓÚº»ÍÁÊǷֲ㺻ʵÔÚº»ÍÁÌåÖ®ÉÏÄÜ¿´µ½ÏÔ×ŵķֲãºÛ¼£The ramming technology has appeared in the primitive period. Through manual ramming, the strength and durability of rammed soil can be greatly increased. It is a common construction method for ancient walls and abutments. Since the compacted soil is compacted in layers, obvious layering marks can be seen on the compacted soil.ש¹°È¯·Âľ½á¹¹ÖйúÔçÆÚ´¿×©Ê¯½á¹¹¶à¼ûÓÚµØÏÂĹÊÒµØÃæÒÔÉϳý·ðËþ¼°ÇÅÁºÍâ½ÏÉÙʹÓôËÀàÊÖÒÕÖÁÔªÃ÷ʱÆÚÅãͬשÍßÉú²úµÄѸËÙÔöÌíͬʱͨ¹ýÎüÊÕÖÐÑÇÓëÎ÷ÑǵØÇøµÄ¹°È¯ÊÖÒÕººµØ·ºÆðÁËÑùʽ·±¶àµÄש¹°È¯ÐÞ½¨´ó¶¼Îª·ÂľÐÞ½¨ÔìÐÍIn the early stage of China, pure brick and stone structures were mostly found in underground tombs. Except for pagodas and bridges above the ground, such technologies were rarely used. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the rapid growth of brick and tile production, and through the absorption of arch technology in Central Asia and West Asia.Öйú¾³ÄÚ²î±ðÇøÓòľ¹¹ÐÞ½¨µÄÆø¸Å²î±ðÆÄ´óµ«´Ó½á¹¹½Ç¶È¿´Ôò½ÏΪͳһ¸ÅÂÔ¿É·ÖΪ̧ÁºÊ½¡¢´©¶·Ê½¡¢¾®¸ÉʽÈýÖÖÊÖÒÕϵͳThe style of wooden buildings in different regions in China is quite different, but from the structural point of view, they are relatively unified, and can be divided into three technical systems, namely, lifting beam type, penetrating bucket type and well dry type.̧ÁºÊ½½á¹¹Í¨¹ýʹÓôó¿ç¶ÈÁ»èÊ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ½Ï¿ª³¨µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼äÔÚ´óÐÍÐÞ½¨ÉÏ»ñµÃÆÕ±éʹÓöø´©¶·Ê½Óë¾®¸ÉʽÔò¶àÓÃÓÚСÐÍÐÞ½¨Í¬Ê±Óëľ½á¹¹²¢ÐÐשʯ½á¹¹ÔÚ¸÷ʱÆÚÒ²»ñµÃÁ˲î±ðˮƽµÄÉú³¤ÔçÆÚÒÔÆöÖþ̨»ù¡¢Ä¹ÊÒ¡¢Ð¡ÐÍÐÞ½¨×îΪ³£¼ûÖÁÔªÃ÷ʱÆÚÔò·ºÆðÁ˽ϴóÐ͵Äש¹°È¯ÐÞ½¨¶àÒÔ·ÂľÐÞ½¨ÐÎÏó·ºÆðË׳ÆÎÞÁºµîThrough the use of large-span beam braces, the beam lifting structure can obtain a relatively open indoor space, which is widely used in large buildings, while the bucket type and well dry type are mostly used in small buildings. At the same time, in parallel with the wooden structure, the masonry structure has also been developed to different degrees in different periods.ÓëǰÊöÊÖÒÕÏàÅäÌ׺»ÍÁÊÖÒÕ×ÔÔʼʱÆÚ×îÏȾÍÔÚÐÞ½¨»ù´¡ÓëǽÌåÖÆ×÷ÉÏ»ñµÃÁËÆÕ±éʹÓÃÖÁÍí½üʱÆÚÖØÉú³¤³öÁËÒÔÍÁ¥Ϊ´ú±íµÄÜöÝÍʽ´óÐÍסլϵͳIn combination with the above technologies, ramming technology has been widely used in building foundation and wall construction since the original period. In the recent period, a large residential system with Tulou as its representative has been developed.̧ÁºÊ½Ä¾½á¹¹Ì§ÁºÊ½½á¹¹ÊÇÖйú¹Å°åľ¹¹×îÖ÷Á÷µÄÊÖÒÕÀàÐÍ»ù±¾ÌصãΪÖù¶¥ÖÃÁºÁºµÄ¶Ë²¿°²¶ÙéÝÌõÁºÖв¿Í¨¹ý¶ÌÖùÖ§µþ¶ÌÁº²ã²ã¶øÉÏ¿ÉÖÁÈýµ½Îå²ãÈçÖù¶¥Ê¹Óö·¹°ÔòÁºÍ·°²¶ÙÓÚ¶·¹°Ö®ÉϽèÖú´ó¿ç¶ÈµÄÁºèÊÕâÖֽṹ¿ÉÒÔÌṩ¿ª³¨µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼ä¹Ê¶øÎªÖÖÖ֏߯·¼¶ÐÞ½¨ÆÕ±é½ÓÄÉThe lifting beam structure is the most mainstream technology type of Chinese traditional wooden structure. The basic feature is that the beam is placed on the top of the column, the purlin is placed at the end of the beam, and the short beam is supported by the short column in the middle of the beam, which can reach three to five floors...´©¶·Ê½Ä¾½á¹¹´©¶·Òà³Æ´®¶º³£¼ûÓÚÄÏ·½µØÇø»ù±¾ÌØÕ÷ΪéÝÌõÖ±½ÓÖÃÓÚÖùÍ·Ö®ÉÏÑØ½øÉîÆ«ÏòÓô©èʽ«Öù×Ó´®ÁªÆðÀ´ÐγÉÒ»é¯é¯µÄÎݼÜÑØÃæÀ«Æ«ÏòÔÙÓô©èʽ«¸÷é¯Áº¼Ü´®ÁªÆðÀ´ÓÉ´ËÐγÉÕûÌå¿ò¼ÜÕâÖÖ×ö·¨µÄÓŵãÊÇÓòĽÚԼȡ²Ä±ãµ±¿ÉÒÔÓÃϸСľÁÏ×éºÏΪÎݼܵ«ÓÉÓÚÖùÁÐ÷缯ÎÞ·¨Ìṩ̹µ´µÄÊÒÄÚ¿Õ¼äÒ»Ñùƽ³£Ö»ÓÃÓÚСÐÍÃñ¾ÓÖ®ÉÏWearing Dou, also known as "string tease", is common in southern China. The basic feature is that the purlin is directly placed on the column head, and the columns are connected in series with braces along the depth direction to form a roof truss. Along the direction of the width of the face, the beams are connected in series with braces to form the overall frame.»ìÏýʽľ½á¹¹´©¶·Ê½½á¹¹Îª½µµÍ¹ýÃÜÖùÁеÄÓ°Ï첿·ÖÎüÁÏÀíÁºÊ½µÄ×ö·¨Éú³¤³öÁË»ìÏýʽ×ö·¨´ËÖÖ×ö·¨ÈÔΪÖùÍ·³ÐéÝÒÔ´©èÊÅþÁ¬ÖùÁе«Í¨¹ý¾Ö²¿Ê¹ÓôóÐÍ´©èÊÐγÉÁËÀàËÆÊ°ÁºÊ½µÄÃûÌÃÓÐÓÃïÔÌÁËÊÒÄÚÁ¢ÖùÊýÄ¿ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½ÏΪºÏÀíµÄ×ö·¨¹Ê¶øÏÖ´æ´©¶·Ê½½á¹¹ÆÕ±é¾ßÓлìÏýʽµÄÌØÕ÷In order to reduce the impact of over-dense columns, the bucket structure partially absorbs the method of picking up beams and develops a mixed method. This method is still to support purlins at the column head and connect the columns with braces.¾®¸Éʽľ½á¹¹ÒòÆä×´Èç¹Å´úË®²¢µÄΧÀ¸¹ÊÃû²¢¸É²¢¸Éʽ½á¹¹Ê×ÏȽ«Ä¾ÁÏÆ½ÐÐÏòÉϲã²ãµþÖÃÔÚת½Ç´¦Ê¹ÓÃé¾Ã®Ò§ºÏÐγɺâÓîËıÚÈ»ºóÔÚ²à±ÚÉϳÐéÝ×é³É·¿¶¥µ«´ËÖÖ×ö·¨Ä¾ÁÏÏûºÄÖØ´ó¹Ê¶ø¶à¼ûÓÚÁÖÇøÖйúÖ»ÔÚ¶«±±¡¢Î÷ÄÏÉ½ÇøÉÙÁ¿·ºÆðIt is named Binggan because it looks like a fence in ancient times. In the dry-type structure, the wood is first stacked in parallel and upward layers, and the mortise and tenon are used at the corners to form the four walls of the house, and then the purlins on the side walls form the roof.ʯÆö½á¹¹ÔÚÖйúÎ÷ÄÏÉ½ÇøÈçǼ×å¼°¼ÎÈÞ²Ø×å¾Û¾ÓÇøÉ½Ìå¶àΪ°åÑÒ»òƬÂéÑÒÒ×ÓÚ¿ª²É¼Ó¹¤ÇÒ¾ÈËÄÍÓùʶøÖð²½ÐγÉÁËÒÔʯ²ÄÆöÖþǽÌåµÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ´ËÀàÐÞ½¨Ç½ÌåΪʯÆöÎݶ¥ÎªÄ¾½á¹¹Éϸ²Ê¿²ãºÜÊʺÏÍâµØ¸ÉÔïÉÙÓêµÄÌìÆøÌØÕ÷In the mountainous areas of southwest China, such as the inhabited areas of Qiang and Jiarong Tibetans, the mountains are mostly slate or gneiss, which are easy to be mined and processed, and are durable. Therefore, the structural form of stone masonry walls has gradually formed.º»ÍÁ½á¹¹º»ÍÁÊÖÒÕÔçÔÚÔʼʱÆÚ¼´ÒÑ·ºÆðͨ¹ýÈ˹¤º»Öþ¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÔöÌíº»ÍÁÌåµÄÇ¿¶ÈºÍÄ;ÃÐÔÊǹŴúǽÌ塢̨»ù³£ÓõĽṹҪÁìÓÉÓÚº»ÍÁÊǷֲ㺻ʵÔÚº»ÍÁÌåÖ®ÉÏÄÜ¿´µ½ÏÔ×ŵķֲãºÛ¼£The ramming technology has appeared in the primitive period. Through manual ramming, the strength and durability of rammed soil can be greatly increased. It is a common construction method for ancient walls and abutments. Since the compacted soil is compacted in layers, obvious layering marks can be seen on the compacted soil.ש¹°È¯·Âľ½á¹¹ÖйúÔçÆÚ´¿×©Ê¯½á¹¹¶à¼ûÓÚµØÏÂĹÊÒµØÃæÒÔÉϳý·ðËþ¼°ÇÅÁºÍâ½ÏÉÙʹÓôËÀàÊÖÒÕÖÁÔªÃ÷ʱÆÚÅãͬשÍßÉú²úµÄѸËÙÔöÌíͬʱͨ¹ýÎüÊÕÖÐÑÇÓëÎ÷ÑǵØÇøµÄ¹°È¯ÊÖÒÕººµØ·ºÆðÁËÑùʽ·±¶àµÄש¹°È¯ÐÞ½¨´ó¶¼Îª·ÂľÐÞ½¨ÔìÐÍIn the early stage of China, pure brick and stone structures were mostly found in underground tombs. Except for pagodas and bridges above the ground, such technologies were rarely used. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the rapid growth of brick and tile production.
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2025-09-22 10:17:31