《和总机APP下载装置_2025最新正版手机免费下载_25PP》剧情简介：改1：这篇文章的内容很富厚看法很奇异方源有的是耐心【】和总机APP下载装置_2025最新正版手机免费下载_25PP招凝踩着云层一步一步靠近宫殿殿门紧闭可是其内的声音却无法掩饰《科学》（20230113出书）一周论文导读2023-01-16 09:51·科学网编译 | 冯维维SCIENCE, January 2023, Volume 379 Issue 6628《科学》2023年1月第379卷6628期物理学PhysicsDuctile 2-GPa steels with hierarchical substructure具有分层子结构的2吉帕韧性钢▲ 作者：YUNJIE LI, GUO YUAN, LINLIN LI, JIAN KANG, FENGKAI YAN, PENGJU DU, DIERK RAABE, AND GUODONG WANGAuthors Info & Affiliations▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add7857▲ 摘要：从交通运输到轻量化设计再到清静的基础设施许多领域都需要机械强度和延展性的承重质料但其中一大挑战是在一种质料中统一这两种功效作者研究批注在匀称伸长率>20%的情形下通俗中锰钢可以加工成抗拉强度>2.2吉帕这需要多个横向铸造、深冷处置惩罚和回火办法的团结由层状和双重拓扑排列的马氏体与细腻疏散的保存奥氏体组成的分层微结构同时激活多种微观机制来增强和延展性子料组织优异的马氏体中的位错滑移和渐进变形刺激相变协同作用爆发了较高的延性研究者体现该纳米结构设计战略可以生产出强度为2吉帕且具有延展性的钢具有大规模工业生产的潜力▲ Abstract：Mechanically strong and ductile load–carrying materials are needed in all sectors, from transportation to lightweight design to safe infrastructure. Yet, a grand challenge is to unify both features in one material. We show that a plain medium-manganese steel can be processed to have a tensile strength >2.2 gigapascals at a uniform elongation >20%. This requires a combination of multiple transversal forging, cryogenic treatment, and tempering steps. A hierarchical microstructure that consists of laminated and twofold topologically aligned martensite with finely dispersed retained austenite simultaneously activates multiple micromechanisms to strengthen and ductilize the material. The dislocation slip in the well-organized martensite and the gradual deformation-stimulated phase transformation synergistically produce the high ductility. Our nanostructure design strategy produces 2 gigapascal–strength and yet ductile steels that have attractive composition and the potential to be produced at large industrial scales.Unveiling facet-dependent degradation and facet engineering for stable perovskite solar cells稳固钙钛矿太阳能电池的面依赖性降解和面工程▲ 作者：CHUNQING MA, FELIX T. EICKEMEYER, SUN-HO LEE, DONG-HO KANG, SEOK JOON KWON, MICHAEL GR?TZEL , AND NAM-GYU PARK▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf3349▲ 摘要：有大宗研究和战略致力于提高钙钛矿薄膜的稳固性 ；然而差别钙钛矿晶面在稳固性中的作用仍然未知作者展现了甲胺碘化铅（FAPbI3）薄膜的面依赖性降解的潜在机制研究明（100）面基本上比（111）面更容易受到水分诱导的降解通过实验和理论研究相团结研究展现了降解机理 ；随着铅-碘键长距离的延伸视察到强烈的水黏附这导致（100）面上的δ相变通过工程设计可以获得更高的（111）面外貌分数（111）为主的晶体FAPbI3薄膜体现出优异的抗潮气稳固性该发明剖析了未知的面相关降解机制和动力学▲ Abstract：A myriad of studies and strategies have already been devoted to improving the stability of perovskite films; however, the role of the different perovskite crystal facets in stability is still unknown. Here, we reveal the underlying mechanisms of facet-dependent degradation of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. We show that the (100) facet is substantially more vulnerable to moisture-induced degradation than the (111) facet. With combined experimental and theoretical studies, the degradation mechanisms are revealed; a strong water adhesion following an elongated lead-iodine (Pb-I) bond distance is observed, which leads to a δ-phase transition on the (100) facet. Through engineering, a higher surface fraction of the (111) facet can be achieved, and the (111)-dominated crystalline FAPbI3 films show exceptional stability against moisture. Our findings elucidate unknown facet-dependent degradation mechanisms and kinetics.微生物学MicrobiologyDome1–JAK–STAT signaling between parasite and host integrates vector immunity and development寄生虫和宿主间信号转达整合前言免疫和发育▲ 作者：VIPIN S. RANA, CHRYSOULA KITSOU, SHRABONI DUTTA, MICHAEL H. RONZETTI, MIN ZHANG, QUENTIN BERNARD, ALEXIS A. SMITH, JULEN TOMáS-CORTáZAR, XIULI YANG, UTPAL PAL, etc.▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl3837▲ 摘要：蜱起源于近2.25亿年前的一种自由生涯的食腐螨已经进化成一种具有高度顺应性的单系吸血体外寄生虫与大大都喜欢简单脊椎动物宿主的地理运动受限的蜱种差别硬蜱可以寄生在许多脊椎动物体内撒播差别的病原体硬蜱在其多年的生命周期中只履历三次进食运动摄取的血餐险些是它们体重的100倍它们特有的心理顺应可能是由其重大的吸血和与配合进化的脊椎动物宿主的联系所形成的蜱虫怎样维持其重大的胚胎后发育程序以及它们的前言能力的分子基础尚不清晰作者发明蜱含有一种功效性的JAK-STAT信号级联可诱导强有力的抗菌反应能够限制蜱传病原体的增殖该途径在许多节肢动物中被 UPD等细胞因子样分子激活但硬蜱基因组异常缺乏可识别的UPD直系同源物▲ Abstract：Ticks have evolved into a monophyletic group of highly adapted blood-feeding ectoparasites that originated from a clade of free-living scavenger mites nearly 225 million years ago. Unlike most geographically confined tick species that prefer a single vertebrate host, Ixodes spp. can parasitize many vertebrates and transmit diverse pathogens. Ixodid ticks undergo only three feeding events during their multiyear lifespan, ingesting blood meals that are nearly 100 times their weight. Their characteristic physiological adaptations were likely shaped by their sophisticated hematophagy and associations with coevolving vertebrate hosts. The molecular basis of how ticks maintain their complex postembryonic developmental program as well as their vectorial competence remains unclear. Ticks contain a functional JAK–STAT signaling cascade that induces robust antibacterial responses capable of limiting the proliferation of tick-borne pathogens. The pathway is activated in many arthropods by cytokine-like molecules such as Unpaired (UPD). However, the Ixodes scapularis genome is unusually devoid of recognizable UPD orthologs.ApoE isoform– and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathyTau小鼠病理模子剖析依赖ApoE亚型和微生物群的神经退行性疾病▲ 作者：DONG-OH SEO, DAVID O’DONNELL, NIMANSHA JAIN, JASON D. ULRICH, JASMIN HERZ, YUHAO LI, MACKENZIE LEMIEUX, JIYE CHENG, HAO HU,, AND DAVID M. HOLTZMAN, etc.▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add1236▲ 摘要：大脑中某些形式的Tau卵白的积累与神经细胞的损失、炎症以及阿尔茨海默病和其他几种神经退行性疾病的认知能力下降有关载脂卵白-E（APOE）是阿尔茨海默病最强的遗传危害因素调理脑炎症和Tau介导的脑损伤 ；然而肠道菌群也调理大脑炎症在Tau介导的脑损伤小鼠模子中研究者发明肠道微生物群的使用导致炎症、Tau病理和脑损伤因性别和APOE依赖的方法大幅镌汰▲ Abstract：The accumulation of certain forms of the tau protein in the brain is linked to loss of nerve cells, inflammation, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Apolipoprotein-E (APOE), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, regulates brain inflammation and tau-mediated brain damage; however, the gut microbiota also regulates brain inflammation. In a mouse model of tau-mediated brain injury, Seo et al. found that manipulation of the gut microbiota resulted in a strong reduction of inflammation, tau pathology, and brain damage in a sex- and APOE-dependent manner.生物物理学BiophysicsNeuromorphic functions with a polyelectrolyte-confined fluidic memristor聚电解质受限流体忆阻器的神经形态功效▲ 作者：TIANYI XIONG, CHANGWEI LI, XIULAN HE, BOYANG XIE, JIANWEI ZONG, YANAN JIANG, WENJIE MA, FEI WU, JUNJIE FEI, AND LANQUN MAO▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9150▲ 摘要：使用人工流系一切再现基于离子通道的神经功效一直是神经形态盘算和生物医学应用的一个理想目的在这项研究中聚电解质-受限流体忆阻器（PFM）乐成地实现了神经形态功效其中受限的聚电解质-离子相互作用导致了滞后的离子传输从而导致了离子影象效应接纳超低能耗的PFM模拟了州差别的电脉冲模式PFM的流体特征使模拟化学调理电脉冲成为可能更主要的是化学-电信号转导是由单个PFM实现的由于其结构与离子通道相似PFM是通用的易于与生物系统接口为通过引入富厚的化学设计构建具有高级功效的神经形态装备铺平了蹊径▲ AbstractReproducing ion channel–based neural functions with artificial fluidic systems has long been an aspirational goal for both neuromorphic computing and biomedical applications. In this study, neuromorphic functions were successfully accomplished with a polyelectrolyte-confined fluidic memristor (PFM), in which confined polyelectrolyte–ion interactions contributed to hysteretic ion transport, resulting in ion memory effects. Various electric pulse patterns were emulated by PFM with ultralow energy consumption. The fluidic property of PFM enabled the mimicking of chemical-regulated electric pulses. More importantly, chemical-electric signal transduction was implemented with a single PFM. With its structural similarity to ion channels, PFM is versatile and easily interfaces with biological systems, paving a way to building neuromorphic devices with advanced functions by introducing rich chemical designs.Long-term memory and synapse-like dynamics in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels二维纳米流体通道中的长时影象和突触样动力学▲ 作者：P. ROBIN, T. EMMERICH, A. ISMAIL, A. NIGUèS, Y. YOU, G.-H. NAM, A. KEERTHI, A. SIRIA, A. K. GEIM, AND L. BOCQUET▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9931▲ 摘要：通过纳米级孔隙举行微调的离子传输是许多生物历程的要害包括神经转达最近的希望使水和离子的限制成为二维展现了在更大标准上无法实现的传输特征并引发了重现生物系统离子机械的希望作者通过实验证实晰影象泛起在水电解质运输（亚）纳米级通道他们展现了两种类型的纳米流体忆阻器取决于通道质料和限制影象规模从分钟到小时研究诠释了离子自组装或外貌吸附等界面历程怎样泛起大的时间标准能够用纳米流控系统实现Hebbian学习该效果为水电解芯片的仿生盘算涤讪了基础▲ Abstract：Fine-tuned ion transport across nanoscale pores is key to many biological processes, including neurotransmission. Recent advances have enabled the confinement of water and ions to two dimensions, unveiling transport properties inaccessible at larger scales and triggering hopes of reproducing the ionic machinery of biological systems. Here we report experiments demonstrating the emergence of memory in the transport of aqueous electrolytes across (sub)nanoscale channels. We unveil two types of nanofluidic memristors depending on channel material and confinement, with memory ranging from minutes to hours. We explain how large time scales could emerge from interfacial processes such as ionic self-assembly or surface adsorption. Such behavior allowed us to implement Hebbian learning with nanofluidic systems. This result lays the foundation for biomimetic computations on aqueous electrolytic chips.
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